Author: Ross Chrichton | Based on case studies by: Victor Kibaba (Kenya), Elsie Enanga (Cameroon), Salome Ikokoyo (Nigeria) – from Teaching and learning with technology in Sub-Saharan Africa: Case studies of practice (British Council) | Published on 9 March 2026

 

Question: How can we teach effectively when there is little or no technology available?

 Answer: Focus on clear lesson goals first, then use whatever simple tools are at hand to support learning. 

Teachers often face large class sizes, lack of electricity, limited access to devices and limited data budgets. However, even a single smartphone or low-cost accessories can support learning. By starting with strong planning and adapting activities to what technology is available, teachers can deliver engaging lessons in any context.

Recommendations:

  • Start with your learning goals and use technology only to support effective learning – for example, activities that promote learner understanding, practice, peer feedback and meaningful interaction.
  • Use available devices wisely: a single smartphone or laptop, a basic speaker or screen amplifier can be enough.
  • Prepare for challenges: charge devices at home, merge classes to access rooms with sockets or projectors, and download materials in advance if the internet is unreliable.
  • Consider cost: limit data use by keeping online tasks short, sharing files via local storage (e.g. USB flash drives) or messaging apps, and combining activities to reduce repeated downloads.
  • Start small and expand: even one interactive activity using a smartphone or printed material can make lessons more engaging.
  • Use technology in a consistent, structured way – e.g. play recordings at the same point in each lesson or have a routine for sharing AI-generated content-so learners know what to expect. 

Key Takeaways:

  • Low tech does not mean low impact.
  • Start with what you have and expand gradually.
  • Strong planning and creative adaptation matter more than technology itself.
  • Learners respond positively to technology that is used in a meaningful and engaging way.
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